柔性热电薄膜器件的研究进展

针对柔性热电薄膜器件的最新研究进展,从柔性基底、热电材料、薄膜沉积工艺、过渡层的引入和器件设计等几个方面归纳总结了在热电器件制作过程中材料和工艺选择方面应注意的问题。对各类柔性热电薄膜器件的性能对比分析表明:目前性能最佳的柔性器件采用的材料是(Bi,Sb)2Te3类合金,其单个热电偶对在1K的温差下可输出0.1~0.3mV的电压;在内阻足够低的条件下,单个热电偶对在1K温差下的输出电压与热电材料的Seebeck系数相等;增加热电薄膜的厚度能够有效地降低热电偶对的内阻,进而提高器件的输出电压。     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

两相脉冲爆轰发动机尾喷管的实验研究

为了提高脉冲爆轰发动机的推进性能,实验研究了12种不同构型尾喷管对火箭式两相脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰特性和推进性能的影响,并对各类尾喷管的增推原因进行分析。结果表明满填充工况下各类喷管内的爆轰特性不尽相同,收敛喷管可得到最大压力峰值;在满填充工况下频率为10Hz时12种喷管构型中拉伐尔喷管的推力增益最大,塞式收敛扩张喷管其次;拉伐尔喷管的出口面积比对推力增益有较大影响,但收敛段-扩张段长度比对推力增益影响甚微。     

径向进气多管脉冲爆震发动机设计

为了缩短脉冲爆震发动机工作过程中混气充填时间,采用旋转筒控制爆震室径向进气,设计了结构更为合理的多爆震室PDE试验原型机。该原型机可以在较短时间内完成爆震室的混气充填,为热态爆震燃烧过程留出更充裕的时间,对提高PDE工作频率和整机性能有促进作用。     

环形射流喷口位置对激波聚焦起爆的影响分析

为了研究环形射流喷口位置对激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响,以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同环形射流喷口位置条件下的激波聚焦起爆过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,随着喷口距凹壁面距离L增大,直接聚焦起爆和凹壁面反射起爆所需的临界入射压力逐渐增大,相应的聚焦时刻会滞后,形成焦点的位置距凹壁面越远。     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机高频实验研究

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机的高频工作特性,以航空煤油和压缩氧气为推进剂,采用爆震增强装置,增大推进剂供给压力以及增大电磁阀控制气压力等措施,在脉冲爆震火箭发动机模型上进行了实验,成功获得45Hz时的爆震压力波形。实验结果表明,频率增高,爆震波峰值压力下降,有利于加速缓燃向爆震的转变(Defla-gration to Detonation Transition,DDT)。当爆震充分发展时,爆震波波速基本不变,峰值压力上升时间趋于定值。工作频率为45 Hz时,爆震波峰值的压力为3.2 MPa,爆震波的波速为1 715.5m/s。     

Detonation waves induced by a confined wedge

An auto-ignition detonation phenomenon can be initiated by a wedge confined in a channel. A new, self-sustaining, normal detonation wave engine concept is proposed. The detonation processes were numerically modeled with a simplified two-dimensional wedged channel flow that was deemed to emulate a real three-dimensional configuration. The results showed that within certain ranges of incoming flow Mach number or wedge angle, detonation could be self ignited in the channel. The study furthermore investigated the detonation waves based on three different detonation initiation positions. Different configurations of the detonation waves were observed and analyzed. The performance of the different detonation wave configurations was estimated and compared.     

象移对星载TDICCD相机成像品质的影响分析

像移是影响星载时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件（TDICCD）相机成像品质的重要因素。为研究像移对TDICCD像质的影响,首先分析了像移引起图像模糊和几何变形的机理,研究了像移降质的辐射和几何方面评价参量。依据TDICCD工作原理,建立了像移影响下TDICCD相机空变降质模型,并以此为基础,计算并分析了不同形式、不同方向上的像移影响下的像质下降情况。分析结果表明,不同方向、不同形式的像移引起的成像品质下降是不同的。文章中提出的空变降质模型可以为后续的仿真及像移降质图像的恢复等提供参考。     

Control strategies for aircraft airframe noise reduction

With the development of low-noise aircraft engine, airframe noise now represents a major noise source during the commercial aircraft’s approach to landing phase. Noise control efforts have therefore been extensively focused on the airframe noise problems in order to further reduce aircraft overall noise. In this review, various control methods explored in the last decades for noise reduction on airframe components including high-lift devices and landing gears are summarized. We introduce recent major achievements in airframe noise reduction with passive control methods such as fairings, deceleration plates, splitter plates, acoustic liners, slat cove cover and side-edge replacements, and then discuss the potential and control mechanism of some promising active flow control strategies for airframe noise reduction, such as plasma technique and air blowing/suction devices. Based on the knowledge gained throughout the extensively noise control testing, a few design concepts on the landing gear, high-lift devices and whole aircraft are provided for advanced aircraft low-noise design. Finally, discussions and suggestions are given for future research on airframe noise reduction.     

回油型面结构对计量装置特性影响研究

为评价回油型面结构对燃油计量装置特性的影响,以Matlab为平台建立了燃油计量装置仿真模型,采用相同输入量对三角形、矩形和圆形回油型面结构进行仿真计算,并对其仿真结果进行对比和分析。结果表明:3种回油型面结构对装置的计量特性都有较大影响,在相同条件下,三角形回油型面结构的计量特性最优,而矩形回油型面结构的最差;当活门开启时,矩形及圆形回油型面结构的开度面积及流量特性都会出现震荡现象,而三角形回油型面结构则是稳定的。